A look back at events through history on July 30 with Mike Badham

1683: A bid to bring Spanish bullfighting to English audiences failed in London when the bull refused to fight. The angry crowd smashed up the arena and left, taking the bull too.

1751: A Mrs Osborne became the last woman to be lynched as a witch in England. But the last official execution of a witch was 1682 in England and 1722 in Scotland.

1771: Poet Thomas Gray died. He wrote the famous Elegy in a Country Churchyard: The curfew tolls the knell of parting day . . .

1832: The first interlocking jigsaw puzzle went on sale in Liverpool.

1863: Henry Ford was born in Michigan. His success was built on the Model T or "Tin Lizzie" - a cheap, basic car. Owners who wanted to improve their Model T could buy accessories by mail order from the Sears, Roebuck catalogue. Three Model Ts rolled off the production line every two minutes. This was largely down to the work of Ford's production manager, Sorensen, whom few people have ever heard of. His methods are still used in car factories world-wide. 1935: The first Penguin book went on sale, price 6d, launched by publisher Allen Lane.

1940: The Vichy French government imposed a death sentence on all Frenchmen who joined the British army.

1948: The world's first civil radar station was opened, to help visiting ships at Liverpool.

1963: Journalist and British intelligence officer Kim Philby fled to Russia, for whom he had been spying since the 1930s.

1966: England won the World Cup at Wembley. The Germans scored first, but Geoff Hurst equalised six minutes later. In the second half, Peters scored again, but the Germans equalised in the final moments. In extra time, Hurst scored twice, to become the first man to score a hat trick in a World Cup final.

1990: Tory MP Ian Gow was killed by an IRA bomb planted under his car.

Converted for the new archive on 14 July 2000. Some images and formatting may have been lost in the conversion.