IN response to Francis Cross (Letters, March 19), seismic disturbances are not affected by nuclear blasts underground. While such a blast would cause resonance to build up the ground, it would not cause earthquakes.

Earthquakes are always caused by constant movement between massive, continental/tectronic plates floating upon a 'sea' of molten rock. At times, they push together forming massive geological disturbance.

Although, it is understandable to conclude that nuclear blasts underground could cause an earthquake, a massively greater amount of energy is released than any bomb could achieve in any one release.

On rare occasions, volcanic activity may also cause earthquakes. Occasionally, tidal forces are caused by the effects of the moon's orbit as the Earth is pulled and pushed geologically by gravity in exactly the same way sea tides are formed. The same can affect the Earth physically.

Certainly, and thankfully, nothing man-made currently could geologically affect the Earth like this will.

CADE FOSTER, Moorfield, Whalley.