FRANK Adam's learned disquisition on the history of education, and on the distinction between "norm" and "criterion" referencing (Your Letters, Sept 3), completely misses the point.

What matters with regard to exam results is that there is serious grade inflation occurring. If an examination is to be both valid and reliable, the key factors in any sort of assessment procedure, then there should be little difference in results year by year. When this principle is violated, then there is something wrong; a fact which has been pointed out on innumerable occasions by teachers, academics and researchers.

Incidentally, anyone who describes the late Sir Keith Joseph as "a mad monk", as Mr Adam does, can scarcely claim to be objective.

RAY HONEYFORD,

Wragby Close,

Bury.